Are You Confident of the Diagnosis? Characteristic findings on physical examination Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute, potentially life-threatening, condition characterized by fever, rash, hypotension, and multiorgan damage. It is caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus), and each type of TSS is defined as follows: Staphylococcal toxic…
Are You Confident of the Diagnosis? What you should be alert for in the history The supernumerary nipple (SNN) is a common, minor congenital malformation that results in accessory nipples and/or mammary tissue. Most often, a SNN remains undetected and asymptomatic for long periods of time. It is sometimes noted by the patient during periods…
Are You Confident of the Diagnosis? Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) presents with a variable constellation of symptoms. Establishing precise diagnostic criteria has been challenging. In 2003, the Rotterdam Consensus Group defined PCOS by the presence of two out of three of the following factors: oligo- or anovulation, signs of hyperandrogenemia, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound…
