Crystal Wong, MD

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may also increase the risk of stroke.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage must be ruled out in patients with acute onset of severe headache.

Cilostazol triggers attacks like migraines, and it may be useful for inducing migraine in the future.

Although decreased blood flow velocity correlates with arterial dilatation, studies using transcranial Doppler ultrasound to evaluate intracranial vasodilatation during migraine report conflicting results.

In patients with migraine, structural and functional changes occur in brain regions that are not directly involved in processing pain signals.

Clinicians should closely monitor patients with atrial fibrillation, especially if they are female and of increasing age.

Persistent asthma was found to be associated with an increased frequency of migraine.

Standardized definitions were proposed for stroke, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and cerebral hemorrhage.

Patients receiving treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or antiplatelet agents face a significantly increased risk of mortality within 24 hours of intracranial hemorrhage.

Neurofilament light chain, a blood biomarker, demonstrated high accuracy for distinguishing atypical parkinsonian disorders from Parkinson’s disease.

The use of combined hormonal contraceptives significantly increases the risk of ischemic stroke in women with migraine with aura but not in women with migraine without aura.

Migraine affects approximately 20% of the general population and is associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke.

Using telestroke to evaluate patients with acute ischemic stroke eligible for thrombolysis provided access to acute stroke care in underserved areas.

Intravenous thrombolysis prior to mechanical thrombectomy did not benefit patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion.

Low levels of neonatal vitamin D may be linked with risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

The effect of antihypertensive drugs and stains on cognition is uncertain.

Patients with mild cognitive impairment with preserved hippocampal volume are at increased risk for dementia with Lewy bodies vs Alzheimer disease.

Pregnancy is a major risk factor for stroke in younger women, but not in older women.

Alternative treatments include endomorphins, spinal cord stimulation, and psychotherapy.

Surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy improved psychiatric outcomes and functioning.

Patients with acute ischemic stroke experienced less disability when treated with early endovascular thrombectomy.

Cerebral microbleeds increase the risk for symptomatic ICH after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.

Levels of neurofilament light protein and amyloid β reflect CNS injury after repeated mild traumatic brain injury events.

Lower serum calcium levels correlate with risk of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Several strategies for clinical practice and research may reduce the cost of MS treatment while maintaining efficacy.

Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP) does not appear to be linked to early Alzheimer disease processes.

Incentive payments to primary care physicians for providing comprehensive care to medically complex patients did not improve quality of care.

Treating older patients with a vitamin K antagonist may be warranted since thrombosis risk is more markedly increased than bleeding risk with rising age.