The Warnings and Precautions section has been updated to address the potential for late-onset neurotoxicity, including ataxia and encephalopathy with efavirenz treatment.
Rates of HIV-associated dementia have decreased from approximately 50% in the pre-cART era to 2% currently. However, roughly 50% of patients treated with cART have the milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND).
Despite potent antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated dementia results in significant morbidity and mortality.
For HIV-infected women receiving dolutegravir from the time of conception, 0.3 percent have offspring with neural-tube defects, representing a small but significant increase compared with other ART exposures.
Findings reinforce the importance of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV.
HIV-positive patients with virological suppression did not have different rates of aging-relating cognitive decline compared with HIV-negative patients.
HIV-positive individuals with higher alcohol levels performed worse on several cognitive tests, however alcohol was not the primary factor.
HIV patients had reduced brain volume and poorer cognitive performance.
Patients with HIV treated with cART have lower neuropsychological test scores than controls, but no significant neuropsychological decline over time.
Evaluating the risk factors of neurocognitive decline in HIV.
