Cigarette smoking is associated with more severe multiple sclerosis disease course with lower lifetime cigarette smoking load and smoking cessation having no significant effect on disease severity.
Varenicline and bupropion may be safer to use than smokers often realize.
Smoking has been linked to advanced brain atrophy in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Research has shown a confounding link between nicotine and reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease.
Those with only a high-school degree and non-whites also were far more likely to smoke than better-educated adults and/or whites.
Adjustment for smoking attenuated the risk for all strokes, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes.
Compared to those who continued smoking, those who stopped experienced a significant decline in the rate of brain volume loss.
Smoking after MS diagnosis appears to affect the rate of conversion to secondary-progressive MS.
Those who currently smoke had significantly more cortical thinning than those who never smoked.
A new study shows that smokers who experience migraines have an increased risk of stroke.
